Evidently looking to a removal from North Carolina, and a location in a less hostile neighborhood, the Tuscaroras in 1710 more than a year before the massacre had sent an embassy to the Government of Pennsylvania. At Cones-toga, June 8th, they were met by two white commissioners, and by Conestoga and Shawanese chiefs. The fugitive Tuscarora asked for a cessation of hostilities, and made overtures for peace which have been recorded as follows:

''By the first belt, the elder women and the mothers besought the friendship of the Christian people, the Indians and the Government of Pennsylvania; so they might fetch wood and water without risk or danger. By the second, the children born and those about to be born implored for room to sport and play without the fear of death or slavery. By the third, the young men asked for the privilege to leave their towns without the fear of death or slavery to hunt for meat for their mothers, their children, and the aged ones. By the fourth, the old men, the elders of the people asked for the consum-mation of a lasting peace, so that the forest (the paths to other tribes) be as safe for them as their palisaded towns. By the fifth, the entire tribe asked for a firm peace. By the sixth, the chiefs asked for the establishment of a lasting peace with the Government, people, and Indians of Pennsylvania, whereby they would be relieved from those fearful apprehensions they have these several years felt. By the seventh, the Tuscarora begged for a cessation from murdering and taking them,' so that thereafter they would not fear 'a mouse, or anything that ruffles the leaves.' By the eighth, the tribe, being strangers to the people and Government of Pennsylvania, asked for an official path or means of communication between them." (Bureau of American Ethnology, "Handbook of American Indians!' Part II. p.843)

From this time date the negotiations which resulted in the reception of these people as a part of the League of the Iroquois. The Conestogas were Senecas, and well disposed towards the Tuscaroras. The Provincial Council of Pennsylvania was evidently moved by something akin to pity, but before expressing willingness that the Tuscaroras should come within their borders, told them they must bring a certificate of good behavior from the Government of North Carolina!

The Tuscarora belts - sign of their supplication-were sent by the Conestogas to the head council of the Five Nations at Onondaga; and here their story becomes a part of that of New York State.

Even after their appeal to Pennsylvania, the Tuscaroras were again involved in strife with the ever-encroaching whites. With the Coree Indians a neighbor tribe which had its own grievance against the settlers as allies, In June, 1711, they fell on the Swiss and Palatine settlers of the Trent valley, killing some 70 of them, with much destruction of property. Could the story of this so called massacre have been preserved for us by a Tuscarora his-torian the record would no doubt be less favorable for the unfortunate settlers than that we now have; but even the story that has come down to us shows the whites in a bad light. According to De Graffenreid, one of the causes of the war was the "rough treatment of some turbulent Carolinians, who cheated those Indians in trading, and would not allow them to hunt near their plantations. and under that pretense took away from them their game, arms and ammunition," and that the despised Indians being "insulted In many ways by a few rough Carolinians, more barbarous and inhuman than the savages themselves, could not stand such treatment any longer."

There are many phases of the strife in North Carolina which no attempt is here made to trace. The grievances of the Tuscaroras were, in brief, the seizure of their lands, the driving off of the game, the constant cheating by traders, the capture of their children and sometimes of adults-and their sale into slavery. The traffic of early American settlers, in Indians as slaves, is a shameful subject still awaiting a thorough setting forth by some competent and judicious historian.

The principal purpose of these notes is, to trace the advent of the Tuscaroras in New York State.

It was in the time of Governor Hunter that news of these southern outbreaks began to reach the North. The Indians of New York Colony were so aroused that we find the Gov-ernor writing to the Lords of Trade, June 23, 1712: "The war between the people of North Carolina and the Tusca-rora Indians is like to embroil us all. The Five Nations, by the instigation of the French, threaten to joyn them, though very lately they sent me by their own messengers to them, their offers to interpose amicably in that matter. I have sent some men of interest with them to disuade them from their fatal design, with presents and promises.

***They are but a handful, and puffed up with the court has been made to them." Again, writing to Secretary Popple, September 10, Governor Hunter gave utterance to his apprehensions: "The Five Nations are hardly to be disuaded from sheltering the Tuscarora Indians," and then he complains that he cannot furnish "out of my own pockets" the presents they seemed to expect.

The proposed removal of these southern Indians is seen, therefore, as something more than the advent and peaceful settlement of a few hundred folk among their ancient tribesmen. The matter was at once given a political im-portance out of all proportion to the facts. The Five Nations were by no means wholly in alliance with the French of Canada, yet Hunter, in his representations to officials in England, sought to show that the coming of the Tuscaroras was by the instigation of the French; thus, in this same year of 1712, we find the Lords of Trade solemnly assuring the Earl of Dartmouth that the Tuscarora strife was "like to embroyle all the Continent."

The next year, Hunter still being Governor, three exper-ienced men, Hendrick Hansen, Johannes Bleecker and Law-rence Claessen, were sent to the Council House at Onondaga to confer with the Five Nations. Claessen was an inter-preter famous for many years in the service of the Eng1ish. On their way to Onondaga he learned that a report had spread that the English ''had resolved to kill and destroy all who had Black pates, meaning thereby all the Nations of Indians." on approaching Onondaga Castle, he says, "we were met by about 150 Indians, old and young, who surrounded us and set up a wild shrieking and uproar." The sachems were eager to know if all Indians were to be destroyed. This report the commissioners ascribed to French influence.

At the council they met four Tuscaroras, who had come from the South with wampum belts. This is the first record we have of the presence of these people in New York State. At the council one of them, addressing the sachems of the Five Nations, said: "I come here to tell you that we con-sent to what yon have for two years requested of us'' meaning that "whenever the Five Nations should have need of them, they should be always ready at their orders' ' a very characteristic turning of the matter, by which the cause of their removal was shifted to the New York Indians. It was perfectly well known to the English in New York that this tribe was fugitive from their English enemies in North Carolina; yet for some years the effort was kept up to implicate the French of C1anada in their removal.

The Tuscaroras further said at this time that they were under command of the Five Nations, and were their sub-jects, "and that wherever they should please to tell them to go and reside, there they would make their dwelling," and the arrangement was confirmed with twenty large belts and twice three strings of wampum".

After this the sachem Decanasora, in full meeting notonly of the sachems but of all the inhabitants," etc., assembled at Onondaga, said:

"Brother Corlear [the Governor of New York], says that the Queen's subjects towards the South are now at war with the Tuscarorase Indians. These Indians went out here to fore from us, and have settled themselves there; now they have got into war, and are dispersed, and have abandoned their castles. But have compassion on them. The English have got the upper hand of them; they have abandoned their castles and are scattered hither and thither; let that suffice; and we request our Brother Corlaer to act as mediator between the English of Carolina and the Tus-karoras, that they may be no longer hunted down, and we assure that we will oblige them not to do the English any more harm; for they are no longer a Nation with a name, being once dispersed.''

The emissaries of the Tuscaroras returned to the South; nor do we find further record of that tribe in New York until September 25, 1714, when sachems of the Five Nations, addressing the Governor at Albany, said: "We acquaint you that the Tuscarore Indians are come to shelter themselves among the Five Nations. They were of us, and went from us long ago and are now returned and promise to live peaceably among us; and since there is peace now everywhere, we have received them. We desire you to look upon the Tuscaroras that are come to live among us [as] our children who shall obey our commands and live peace-ably and orderly."

A portion of the Oneidas' territory was assigned to them, bounded by the Susquehanna on the south, the Unadilla on the east, the Chenango on the west. How many made up the first band that came, seems nowhere stated. They did not all leave North Carolina at once, nor did they all come through to New York. In 1720 some of them were living In Virginia, and complaints reached New York's governor Burnet of robberies committed by straggling bands of Tuscaroras and others of the Iroquois. Two Tuscaroras came to Governor Burnet with a war belt from the Gover-nor of Virginia (as they said), asking that the Five Nations should declare war on the Catawbas. About this time the New York tribes reported to Burnet that French Indians (i. e., tribes in allegiance to tbe French in Canada), were living with the Tuscaroras ''near Virginia and go backwards and forwards.''

None too clear, such records; but they do make plain that the return of the Tuscaroras to their ancient home in New York was by no means the simple migration it has been made to appear.

End of part two.